![]() ![]() Without a doubt, it is important to initiate a discussion that recognises that the capitalist system-according to the contentions of the Ecuadorian philosopher Bolivar Echeverria (2010)-lives to suffocate life and drain the living world, by which he refers to both labour and nature.Ģ ‘De-growth’ in the North and Post-extractivism in the Southįrom this perspective, it becomes indispensable to stop the maelstrom of economic growth and even ‘de-grow’, particularly in the global North. Additionally, this growth almost always increases gaps in societies: the riches of a few are often sustained by the exploitation of the many and of nature. To complicate this perverse scenario even further, we know, to the point of saturation, that economic growth does not necessary imply happiness, even in ‘developed’ countries. ![]() And this violence feeds the migratory flow by increasing the number of refugees affected by war. Unhinged extractivism generates extreme violence such as that caused by the interventions of Western powers in Iraq or Syria, their real objective being to control oil deposits. Simultaneously (inherent to capitalism and a civilisation based on inequality), there are multiple and growing ruptures that lead to complex and painful processes: for example, growing levels of migration from countries in the South to the usa and the European Union. The limits of nature, overwhelmed by the expansion imposed by capitalistic modernity and its process of accumulation, are increasingly evident and their transgression unsustainable. The reality, however, tells us that moving beyond these visions is now our greatest challenge. At the same time, this effort, increasingly leveraged by extractivism, can ensure revenues for the global South-which generally supplies these resources-so that it might overcome its ‘underdevelopment’. ![]() And to ensure this growth, there must be increasingly large volumes of natural resources to sustain ever-growing global demand. To achieve progress, we are conditioned to believe that the only avenue is economic growth. The dominant school of thought leads us to believe that there is no economy without growth. ![]()
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